| Region 4 SEQR and Other Notices | Region 4 SPDES Renewals |
ENB Region 4 Completed Applications 07/20/2005 |
Albany County |
|
| Applicant: | Solid Sealing Technology Inc 44 Dalliba Ave Watervliet, NY 12189 |
|---|---|
| Facility: |
Solid Sealing Technology 44 Dalliba Ave Watervliet, NY |
| Application ID: | 4-0118-00046/00001 |
| Permit(s) Applied for: |
Article 17 Titles 7 & 8 Industrial SPDES |
| Project is Located: | Watervliet, Albany County |
| Project Description: | |
|
Solid Sealing Technology,
Inc. proposes a modification to its current SPDES permit to
increase the maximum daily flow rate of discharge for the facility's non-contact cooling
water to the Hudson River from 17,000 gallons per day maximum to 25,000 gallons per
day. This modification is being requested due to an increased business demand, and to
make a correction to the previously calculated water flow rates. The company is located
in Watervliet Arsenal and manufactures ceramic and metal seals which requires the use of
water for cooling furnaces. A proposed modified permit has been drafted by the
department and is available for review at the department's Region 4 office.
|
|
| State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Determination: | |
| Project is an Unlisted Action and will not have a significant impact on the environment. A Negative Declaration is on file. A coordinated review was not performed. | |
| SEQR Lead Agency: | |
| None Designated | |
| State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA) Determination: | |
| The proposed activity is not subject to review in accordance with SHPA. The permit type is exempt or the activity is being reviewed in accordance with federal historic preservation regulations. | |
| Coastal Management: | |
| This project is not located in a Coastal Management area and is not subject to the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. | |
| Opportunity for Public Comment: | |
| Comments on this project must be submitted in writing to the Contact Person no later than Aug 19 2005. | |
| Contact: | Angelo A Marcuccio NYSDEC Region 4 Headquarters 1150 North Westcott Rd Schenectady, NY 12306 (518)357-2069 r4dep@gw.dec.state.ny.us |
| Applicant: | Lafarge North America Inc 12950 Worldgate Drive Suite 500 Herndon, VA 20170 |
| Facility: |
Lafarge Building Materials Inc Us Rte 9W Ravena, NY 12143 -0003 |
| Application ID: | 4-0124-00001/00112 |
| Permit(s) Applied for: |
Article 19 Air Title V Facility Article 27 Title 7 Solid Waste Management |
| Project is Located: | Coeymans, Albany County |
| Project Description: | |
|
Lafarge Building
Materials, Inc. is proposing to modify its existing Title V Air Facility Permit to
add Tire Derived Fuel (TDF) to the currently approved fuels of coal, coke and oil used to fire its
cement kilns. A draft permit has been prepared for public review. The facility owner is
Lafarge
North America, Inc., located at Suite 500, 12950 Worldgate Drive, Herndon, VA 20170. This
facility is a manufacturer of Portland Cement and includes two kilns with electrostatic
precipitators (ESPs) air cleaning equipment. The TDF would substitute for up to 20% (on a btu
basis) or 35,000 tons annually of the coal and coke fuel currently in use using a tire feed system
that would drop whole tires into the rotating kilns through an opening to be installed midway
down the kiln tubes. This opening or chute would open and close once every rotation of the kiln
tube to deposit approximately (based upon size of tires) 6 tires at a time into each of the two
kilns. Up to 4.8 million whole tires per year would be burned for fuel. Whole tires are
to be
brought to the Lafarge facility in trailers and remain in the trailers until moved to the kiln for
sorting and feeding into the kilns. A maximum of 100 tire storage trailers holding up to 100,000
tires are to be parked on site at any one time, with an average of 13-20 filled trailers arriving
daily and a similar number leaving. Trailers will be located at a closed portion (Cell A) of the
cement kiln dust landfill located just east of the cement plant. Criteria pollutant emissions
for
Particulates (PM-10), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are not
expected to increase nor are those for volatile organic hazardous air pollutants or Total
Suspended Particulates while increases to Carbon Monoxide (CO) are expected to stay under the
significant net emissions increase threshold of 100 tons per year or no more than a 10.0%
increase over existing CO emissions (projected CO emissions would be 1,081 tons per year).
Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) emissions are expected to decrease by 100 tons. Trace metals emissions
of concern - Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Selenium and Zinc - could increase under worst case
estimated emissions levels but still remain well within NYSDEC Air Guide I guidance
concentration levels. As stated by USEPA, Lafarge is not required to obtain a Prevention
of
Significant Deterioration (PSD) determination from EPA at this time. The storage and handling
of the TDF would be covered under a Part 360 Solid Waste Management Facility Permit and the
use of the tires as fuel would be covered under a Part 360 Solid Waste Beneficial Use
Determination (BUD). A 360 variance is sought that would allow any rims on tires to not have
to be removed until tire sorting instead of within one week of receipt.
The application and
draft permit may be reviewed at the Department's Region 4 office at 1150
North Westcott Road in Rotterdam, NY; the Ravena Coeymans Selkirk Community Library at
15 Mountain Road in Ravena, NY; and the Castleton Public Library at 85 South Main Street
Castleton, NY.
A public information
session has been scheduled for Thursday, August 4, 2005, 7:00 PM, at the
A.W. Becker Elementary School auditorium at the Ravena-Coeymans School District main
campus off of US Route 9W, just north of the Village of Coeymans and across the street from the
Lafarge cement plant and Callanan aggregate plant.
A Legislative Hearing
to take public comment has been scheduled on Thursday, August 25,
2005, 7:00 PM, also at the A. W. Becker Elementary School auditorium.
In accordance with
6 NYCRR Parts 621.5(d)99) and 201-6.4(c), the Administrator of the United
States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has the authority to bar issuance of any Title
V Facility Permit if it is determined not to be in compliance with applicable requirements of the
Clean Air Act or 6 NYCRR Part 201.
DEC will evaluate
the application and the comments received on it to determine whether to issue
the permit, change the proposed draft permit conditions or hold an adjudicatory public hearing.
An adjudicatory public hearing is a trial-type proceeding which provides the opportunity for
adjudication on the basis of evidence, including direct testimony and cross-examination. An
adjudicatory hearing is held only if substantive and significant issues relating to any findings or
determinations the Department is required to make pursuant to the Environmental Conservation
Law exist. A copy of the Department's permit hearing procedures is available upon request or on
the Department's web site at: http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/ohms/gudph1.htm.
|
|
| State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Determination: | |
| Project is a Type I action and will not have a significant effect on the environment. A coordinated review with other agencies was performed and a Negative Declaration is on file. | |
| SEQR Lead Agency: | |
| NYS Department of Environmental Conservation | |
| State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA) Determination: | |
| The proposed activity is not subject to review in accordance with SHPA. The permit type is exempt or the activity is being reviewed in accordance with federal historic preservation regulations. | |
| Coastal Management: | |
| This project is not located in a Coastal Management area and is not subject to the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. | |
| Opportunity for Public Comment: | |
| Comments on this project must be submitted in writing to the Contact Person no later than Sep 2 2005. | |
| Contact: | William J Clarke NYSDEC Region 4 Headquarters 1150 North Westcott Rd Schenectady, NY 12306 (518)357-2069 r4dep@gw.dec.state.ny.us |
| Applicant: | SAFETY-KLEEN Systems Inc 5400 Legacy Dr Cluster II Bldg 3 Plano, TX 75024 |
| Facility: |
SAFETY-KLEEN Colonie Service Center 17 Green Mountain Dr Colonie, NY 12205 |
| Application ID: | 4-0126-00167/00015 |
| Permit(s) Applied for: |
Article 17 Titles 7 & 8 Private/Commercial/Institutional SPDES |
| Project is Located: | Colonie, Albany County |
| Project Description: | |
|
The
Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) has received an application to
re-issue/re-new the following pre-existing EPA minor Private/Commercial/Institutional
State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (P/C/I SPDES) permit. DEC has made a
tentative determination to re-issue/re-new this pre-existing permit for a five year term
maintaining current effluent limitations and monitoring and reporting requirements. This
permit involves the surface discharge of up to 500 gallons per day of treated sanitary
waste to a tributary of the Mohawk River.
Additional
information on this permit may be requested from or inspected at the
NYSDEC Central Office in Albany. Substantive comments must be submitted in writing
to the contact person. To be called substantive, 6 NYCRR Part 621.7 requires public
comments "explain the basis of opposition and explain specific grounds..." for
opposition.
SPDES
#: NY 021 2130
|
|
| State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Determination: | |
| Project is not subject to SEQR because it is a Type II action. | |
| SEQR Lead Agency: | |
| None Designated | |
| State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA) Determination: | |
| The proposed activity is not subject to review in accordance with SHPA. The permit type is exempt or the activity is being reviewed in accordance with federal historic preservation regulations. | |
| Coastal Management: | |
| This project is not located in a Coastal Management area and is not subject to the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. | |
| Opportunity for Public Comment: | |
| Comments on this project must be submitted in writing to the Contact Person no later than Aug 19 2005. | |
| Contact: | Andrea Sheeran Glick NYSDEC Headquarters 625 Broadway Albany, NY 12233 (518)402-9167 depprmt@gw.dec.state.ny.us |
Columbia County |
|
| Applicant: | Valley Materials Inc 1530 East St Pittsfield, MA 01201 |
| Facility: |
Valley Materials Inc Sand & Gravel Co Rt 9 South of Hand Hill Rd New Lebanon, NY 12125 |
| Application ID: | 4-1048-00055/00001 |
| Permit(s) Applied for: |
Article 23 Title 27 Mined Land Reclamation |
| Project is Located: | New Lebanon, Columbia County |
| Project Description: | |
|
Applicant proposes to increase
the life of mine area of the existing mine site located on
County Route 9, south of Hand Hill Road, Town of New Lebanon, Columbia County,
from 9.45 acres to 35.27 acres. The mining shall take place in nine phases. Mining
activities will be restricted between April and July to minimize disturbance to nesting
cliff swallows. The site will be reclaimed to vacant land upon completion of mining
activities.
|
|
| State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Determination: | |
| Project is a Type I action and will not have a significant effect on the environment. A coordinated review with other agencies was performed and a Negative Declaration is on file. | |
| SEQR Lead Agency: | |
| NYS Department of Environmental Conservation | |
| State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA) Determination: | |
| The proposed activity is not subject to review in accordance with SHPA. The permit type is exempt or the activity is being reviewed in accordance with federal historic preservation regulations. | |
| Coastal Management: | |
| This project is not located in a Coastal Management area and is not subject to the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. | |
| Opportunity for Public Comment: | |
| Comments on this project must be submitted in writing to the Contact Person no later than Aug 19 2005. | |
| Contact: | Michael T Higgins NYSDEC Region 4 Headquarters 1150 North Westcott Rd Schenectady, NY 12306 (518)357-2069 r4dep@gw.dec.state.ny.us |
Delaware County |
|
| Applicant: | Gary A Foote |
| Facility: |
Foote Property 108 Footepath Ln Andes, NY 13731 |
| Application ID: | 4-1220-00312/00001 |
| Permit(s) Applied for: |
Section 401 - Clean Water Act Water Quality Certification Article 15 Title 5 Stream Disturbance |
| Project is Located: | Andes, Delaware County |
| Project Description: | |
|
The applicant proposes to
re-bury an exposed well line and use heavy rock rip rap to
stabilize approximately 90 feet of a bank failure along Bussey Hollow Creek. The project
is located off Bussey Hollow Road.
|
|
| State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Determination: | |
| Project is an Unlisted Action and will not have a significant impact on the environment. A Negative Declaration is on file. A coordinated review was not performed. | |
| SEQR Lead Agency: | |
| None Designated | |
| State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA) Determination: | |
| Cultural resource lists and map have been checked. No registered, eligible or inventoried archaeological sites or historic structures were identified at the project location. No further review in accordance with SHPA is required. | |
| Coastal Management: | |
| This project is not located in a Coastal Management area and is not subject to the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. | |
| Opportunity for Public Comment: | |
| Comments on this project must be submitted in writing to the Contact Person no later than Aug 5 2005. | |
| Contact: | Martha A Wood NYSDEC Region 4 Stamford SUB-OFFICE 65561 State Highway 10 Stamford, NY 12167 (607)652-7741 r4dep@gw.dec.state.ny.us |
| Applicant: | Town of Colchester PO Box 321 Downsville, NY 13755 -0321 |
| Facility: |
East Branch Delaware River East Branch Delaware River at Downs BROOK|BRIDGE St Downsville, NY |
| Application ID: | 4-1224-00356/00001 |
| Permit(s) Applied for: |
Article 15 Title 5 Stream Disturbance |
| Project is Located: | Colchester, Delaware County |
| Project Description: | |
|
The Town of Colchester proposes
to remove gravel deposits at the confluence of Downs
Brook and the East Branch of the Delaware River. The project involves the restoration of
approximately 750 feet of the channel of the East Branch. The project will reestablish the
1987 thalweg elevation of 1088 ft through the effected reach, lowering the stream bed
elevation by approximately 4 ft. A 150 ft wide channel will be established with a 30 ft
wide low flow channel to provide for fish passage flows.
|
|
| State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Determination: | |
| Project is an Unlisted Action and will not have a significant impact on the environment. A Negative Declaration is on file. A coordinated review was performed. | |
| SEQR Lead Agency: | |
| NYS Department of Environmental Conservation | |
| State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA) Determination: | |
| A cultural resources survey has been completed. Based on information provided in the survey report, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP) has determined that the proposed activity will have no impact on registered or eligible archaeological sites or historic structures. No further review in accordance with SHPA is required. | |
| Coastal Management: | |
| This project is not located in a Coastal Management area and is not subject to the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. | |
| Opportunity for Public Comment: | |
| Comments on this project must be submitted in writing to the Contact Person no later than Aug 5 2005. | |
| Contact: | Kent P Sanders NYSDEC Region 4 Stamford SUB-OFFICE 65561 State Highway 10 Stamford, NY 12167 (607)652-7741 r4dep@gw.dec.state.ny.us |
| Applicant: | Elbridge Gerry |
| Facility: |
Lake Delaware Farm 500 Lake Delaware Rd Delhi, NY |
| Application ID: | 4-1228-00241/00001 |
| Permit(s) Applied for: |
Section 401 - Clean Water Act Water Quality Certification Article 15 Title 5 Stream Disturbance |
| Project is Located: | Delhi, Delaware County |
| Project Description: | |
|
The applicant proposes to
remove 180' or iron railing from within the Little Delaware
River that is causing an obstruction to the normal flow of water. The project is located on
State Route 28 west of Lee Hollow Road.
|
|
| State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Determination: | |
| Project is an Unlisted Action and will not have a significant impact on the environment. A Negative Declaration is on file. A coordinated review was not performed. | |
| SEQR Lead Agency: | |
| None Designated | |
| State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA) Determination: | |
| A cultural resources survey has been completed. Based on information provided in the survey report, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation (OPRHP) has determined that the proposed activity will have no impact on registered or eligible archaeological sites or historic structures. No further review in accordance with SHPA is required. | |
| Coastal Management: | |
| This project is not located in a Coastal Management area and is not subject to the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. | |
| Opportunity for Public Comment: | |
| Comments on this project must be submitted in writing to the Contact Person no later than Aug 5 2005. | |
| Contact: | Martha A Wood NYSDEC Region 4 Stamford SUB-OFFICE 65561 State Highway 10 Stamford, NY 12167 (607)652-7741 r4dep@gw.dec.state.ny.us |
Greene County |
|
| Applicant: | Mountain View Estates Transportation Corp 4 Duer Ln Staten Island, NY 10301 |
| Facility: |
Mountain View Estates Co Rte 40 - W Side - Between Cr 23C & Round Hill Rd East Jewett, NY 12424 |
| Application ID: | 4-1938-00020/00003 |
| Permit(s) Applied for: |
Article 17 Titles 7 & 8 Private/Commercial/Institutional SPDES |
| Project is Located: | Jewett, Greene County |
| Project Description: | |
|
The applicant proposes to
replace two existing sand filter surface discharge waste water
treatment collection and disposal systems with capacities of 6000 and 7000 gallons per
day for Mountain View Estates in the Town of Jewett, with a single upgraded wastewater
treatment system with surface discharge of 13,000 gallons per day. The new system
includes a new microfiltration treatment building located at approximately the same
location as one of the existing systems. The existing systems will be partially removed
and the remainder abandoned or decomissioned upon completion of the new treatment
system.
A Draft permit is available
for review by request from the contact person.
|
|
| State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Determination: | |
| Project is not subject to SEQR because it is a Type II action. | |
| SEQR Lead Agency: | |
| None Designated | |
| State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA) Determination: | |
| The proposed activity is not subject to review in accordance with SHPA. The permit type is exempt or the activity is being reviewed in accordance with federal historic preservation regulations. | |
| Coastal Management: | |
| This project is not located in a Coastal Management area and is not subject to the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. | |
| Opportunity for Public Comment: | |
| Comments on this project must be submitted in writing to the Contact Person no later than Aug 19 2005. | |
| Contact: | Kent P Sanders NYSDEC Region 4 Stamford SUB-OFFICE 65561 State Highway 10 Stamford, NY 12167 (607)652-7741 r4dep@gw.dec.state.ny.us |
| Applicant: | NYS Thruway Authority 200 Southern Blvd PO Box 189 Albany, NY 12209 -0189 |
| Facility: |
NYS New Baltimore Service Area Rt 87 South New Baltimore, NY |
| Application ID: | 4-1942-00007/00003 |
| Permit(s) Applied for: |
Article 17 Titles 7 & 8 Private/Commercial/Institutional SPDES |
| Project is Located: | New Baltimore, Greene County |
| Project Description: | |
|
The
Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) has received an application to
re-issue/re-new the following pre-existing EPA minor Private/Commercial/Institutional
State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (P/C/I SPDES) permit. DEC has made a
tentative determination to re-issue/re-new this pre-existing permit for a five year term
maintaining current effluent limitations and monitoring and reporting requirements. This
permit involves the surface discharge through a sand filter of up to 100,000 gallons per
day of treated sanitary waste to Sickles Creek.
Additional
information on this permit may be requested from or inspected at the
NYSDEC Central Office in Albany. Substantive comments must be submitted in writing
to the contact person. To be called substantive, 6 NYCRR Part 621.7 requires public
comments "explain the basis of opposition and explain specific grounds..." for
opposition.
SPDES
#: NY 002 7359
|
|
| State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Determination: | |
| Project is not subject to SEQR because it is a Type II action. | |
| SEQR Lead Agency: | |
| None Designated | |
| State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA) Determination: | |
| The proposed activity is not subject to review in accordance with SHPA. The permit type is exempt or the activity is being reviewed in accordance with federal historic preservation regulations. | |
| Coastal Management: | |
| This project is not located in a Coastal Management area and is not subject to the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. | |
| Opportunity for Public Comment: | |
| Comments on this project must be submitted in writing to the Contact Person no later than Aug 19 2005. | |
| Contact: | Andrea Sheeran Glick NYSDEC Headquarters 625 Broadway Albany, NY 12233 (518)402-9167 depprmt@gw.dec.state.ny.us |
Schenectady County |
|
| Applicant: | Adirondack Beverage Company Inc 701 Corporation Park Scotia, NY 12302 |
| Facility: |
Adirondack Beverage 701 Corporation Park Scotia, NY |
| Application ID: | 4-4222-00241/00001 |
| Permit(s) Applied for: |
Article 17 Titles 7 & 8 Industrial SPDES |
| Project is Located: | Glenville, Schenectady County |
| Project Description: | |
|
The applicant proposes a
new discharge of 70,000 gallons per day of untreated process
wastewater, to the existing storm sewer system which ultimately discharges to the
Mohawk River approximately 350 feet downstream of Lock 8, from a reverse osmosis
process, at the applicants facility located at 701 Corporations Park in Scotia. The
applicant is operating a beverage facility which utilizes a reverse osmosis process to
purify their well water prior to bottling. The Department has made a tentative
determination to issue a permit for a State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit
under Article 17 of the Environmental Conservation Law. This tentative determination
indicates that the discharge regulated under this statute is considered to satisfy regulatory
standards for permit issuance, based on information available to the Department at this
time. As a tentative determination, the Department seeks comments on the proposed
regulated activity prior to making a final decision on permit issuance. As such, this
tentative determination does not signify department approval for, or endorsement of the
activity for which a permit is sought or for the overall proposed project. A draft permit is
available for inspection and comment at the Region 4 Office. Refer to this application by
the application number listed above and SPDES #NY-0268631.
|
|
| State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Determination: | |
| Project is an Unlisted Action and will not have a significant impact on the environment. A Negative Declaration is on file. A coordinated review was not performed. | |
| SEQR Lead Agency: | |
| None Designated | |
| State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA) Determination: | |
| Cultural resource lists and map have been checked. No registered, eligible or inventoried archaeological sites or historic structures were identified at the project location. No further review in accordance with SHPA is required. | |
| Coastal Management: | |
| This project is not located in a Coastal Management area and is not subject to the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. | |
| Opportunity for Public Comment: | |
| Comments on this project must be submitted in writing to the Contact Person no later than Aug 19 2005. | |
| Contact: | James J Eldred NYSDEC Region 4 Headquarters 1150 North Westcott Rd Schenectady, NY 12306 (518)357-2069 r4dep@gw.dec.state.ny.us |
| Applicant: | Kim B Peacock |
| Facility: |
Ridgetop Duplex 807 Sandborn Rd Schenectady, NY |
| Application ID: | 4-4228-00042/00001 |
| Permit(s) Applied for: |
Article 17 Titles 7 & 8 Private/Commercial/Institutional SPDES |
| Project is Located: | Rotterdam, Schenectady County |
| Project Description: | |
|
The Department of Environmental
Conservation (DEC) has received an application to re-issue/re-new the following pre-existing EPA
minor Private/Commercial/Institutional
State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (P/C/I SPDES) permit. DEC has made a
tentative determination to re-issue/re-new this pre-existing permit for a five year term
maintaining current effluent limitations and monitoring and reporting requirements. This
permit involves the surface discharge of up to 600 gallons per day of treated sanitary
waste to a tributary of the Sandseakill Creek.
Additional
information on this permit may be requested from or inspected at the
NYSDEC Central Office in Albany. Substantive comments must be submitted in writing
to the contact person. To be called substantive, 6 NYCRR Part 621.7 requires public
comments "explain the basis of opposition and explain specific grounds..." for
opposition.
SPDES
#: NY 020 4994
|
|
| State Environmental Quality Review (SEQR) Determination: | |
| Project is not subject to SEQR because it is a Type II action. | |
| SEQR Lead Agency: | |
| None Designated | |
| State Historic Preservation Act (SHPA) Determination: | |
| The proposed activity is not subject to review in accordance with SHPA. The permit type is exempt or the activity is being reviewed in accordance with federal historic preservation regulations. | |
| Coastal Management: | |
| This project is not located in a Coastal Management area and is not subject to the Waterfront Revitalization and Coastal Resources Act. | |
| Opportunity for Public Comment: | |
| Comments on this project must be submitted in writing to the Contact Person no later than Aug 19 2005. | |
| Contact: | Andrea Sheeran Glick NYSDEC Headquarters 625 Broadway Albany, NY 12233 (518)402-9167 depprmt@gw.dec.state.ny.us |
| Region 4 SEQR and Other Notices | Region 4 SPDES Renewals |